I have to agree with Dan about the number of yearly Apistan treatments but not for the same climate reasons as his. I keep my bees in Northern Maryland, treat at end of February, mid to end of July after supers come off and in the first week of October. Maryland beekeepers lost up to 70% of their bees last year while I was fortunate to have not lost any out of 10 hives and was ables to get 9 Nucs with 4 frames of brood per Nuc. Even in the little state of Maryland we have up to a two week difference when the honey flow hits from down south to where I live on the Pennnsylvania border. I don't know if it was the fact of the 3 applications or the timing of the applications. I also treat with grease patties at the same time with the February and October patties containing TM. Mike