Thanks Dick,  a wonderful explanation!

If I understand you correctly though,  that only applies to resistance that is in fact genetic? So if lower kill was due to either "missed" posion application"  or a quick epigenetic issue from not enough applied, sub lethal if you will.  Then they the kill rate number is moot?



RE:  mites and not knowing how OA works,  Bernard Huvael has posted some links to works that show that OA is absorbed  by the feet of the mite, and due to an open channel in the leg,  migrates to internal organs.  Apparently the pathway is closed in bees?   So there are 2 effects, initial drop from clogged foot pads,  secondary as the OA migrates to internal organs.
Seems like good info.  Looks like the Europeans are way ahead of us,  seems to me language barrier is a problem.  I couldn’t read the paper myself.

Charles

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