Randy; My data set is pretty slim in that doing the microscopy myself is on my 'round tu-it' list and I have yet to follow your lead and get with it. I have the state lab run spore counts and I have had 2 yards with high spore counts in which I see dwindling in mid fall and very low overwinter survival rates. My field observation for Nosema i.d. is the bees begin to dwindle and stop taking feed. I keep a 2 gallon division board feeder in the top hive body and when I pop the lid I can see which hives have stopped feeding quickly. I am seeing the problems when feeding in mid to late fall for winter stores and then during spring build-up. I have been using formic flash boards and oxalic for mites and use alcohol washes to track efficacy so my Nosema diagnosis is a rather weak process of elimination. I have been spraying a combination of Nozevit and Fumidil over the top of suspected Nosema cases and I think I am getting a positive response, but this is anecdotal, thus my query to the list. Given your prompting, however, I intend to fire up the microscope.... thanks, Bill *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html