There is also a gentle movement of bees, almost as a convection current ,as the outer bees move inside and others take their place. Geoff Nantes observed this many years ago when he wintered bees in skeps avove a glass shelf in his boatyard. Marked bees went in at the bottom of the cluster and eventually emerged at the top. Chris *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm