>I am sorry but I do not know what point you are trying to make You perhaps missed the first post Over 100y ago settlers from Ukraine went to Southern siberia with their bees Those bees were not really "native" to Ukraine since 10K years ago and for ~80Kyr previous there were no bees in Ukraine, only glaciers and tundra The question is: where did those migrants (to ukraine), 9Kyr ago come from? Slovenia or Macedonia? On a practical level russians DON'T seem similar to carniolan dave **************************************************** * General Information About BEE-L is available at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm * ****************************************************