HI Steve, The recipe I was taught is to whip one part Crisco shortening and one and half parts (by volume) granulated sugar with a bit (an ounce per pound of mix) of your own healthy bees' honey. Then load the stuff into a caulking gun and squirt a bead on the top bars of brood frames particularly August - October for soft management of trachea.. My experience is the bees consume it readily as opposed to a grease patty that might get nibbled on and I ended up chucking after a few weeks. Kathy ****************************************************** * Full guidelines for BEE-L posting are at: * * http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm * ******************************************************