Charles wrote, in part

> Resistance to Varroa destructor ... mite-resistant queen honey bees ... This was dated 2001,  shouldn't we already have seen the perks of this were it valid?

A new paper out discusses this at length. I disagree with much in it, but this part relates to what you are saying:

breeding for V. destructor-resistance over >20 years
has still not resulted in survival of untreated colonies, but natural selection has
delivered multiple times (Rosenkranz et al. 2010, Locke 2016), thereby suggesting
that breeders should choose traits favoured by natural selection. This suggests
fundamental conceptual flaws in both commercial honey bee queen rearing and breeding.

Neumann, P., & Blacquière, T. (2016). The Darwin cure for apiculture? Natural selection and managed honey bee health. Evolutionary Applications.

PLB

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