> 
> Propolis to cap cells??   Really??   Don't bees use regular wax to seal cells on comb?   As far as I know, nobody here on the list picked up on this.  Am I wrong in my ideas of how bees cap comb?


> If you melt cappings with dry heat thru a filter cloth you get a brown residue. So not all pure wax. 
I have not tried to extract propolis from the residue, as I do not know what solvent to use.  I just immerse the filter cloth in cold water and rub the residue off as a dense brown stiff sludge. Must be mostly propolis  as what else can it be?  
I have always believed the cappings were a mix to let them pass air for the pupa to breathe. 

Robin , from UK. 

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