>Assuming one could be happy with a smaller honey crop per hive,  how far north could a single deep be expected to survive? Would we need a different fall protocol if we moved to wintering single deeps? 

>If you kept a colony in one and a half stories, it would have adequate space to survive. The most likely scenario would be, they would fill the hive with honey in the spring and cast a prime swarm. Then, they would repopulate and probably cast another swarm. The colony would no doubt be adequately populous by fall, and overloaded with honey. 

I have been successful keeping single 5 framers over the winter here in Massachusetts. They have to be heavy with honey, when you lift them they feel like a cinder block, but with carnolians, they generally survive

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