Roger White wrote:

>They are always raised from a failing/old mother and as such cannot be expected to have the physical or genetic qualities of a queen in her prime that is used to produce daughters.
>

While it is true that in some mammals that the age of the mother at the
time of ovulation will have some effect on the incidence of genetic
defects, can you explain this in the context of the honeybee.  In other
words - specifically how would a supercedure queen differ genetically
from a swarm queen?

Keith

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