>Arly and patricia: Please post citation re: overconcentration and >amputation. We all need to have accurate information re Morbidity and >Mortality > by ABM in the US. Thanks. Anne Andrianos, MSN, IBCLC, LLL JAMA 232 (1975): 1136 Abrams, C.A.L. et al. I have the original somewhere in my files but I'll quote out of one of my nutrition books: "At the age of 6 weeks, Mary was placed in the care of her maternal grandmother. The grandmother felt that the child needed richer milk, as the child had recently recovered from broncho-pneumonia. Accordingly, for the next five days, the grandmother fed the child undiluted evaporated milk... [Note: when I first entered into the study of nutrition, ABM commonly consisted of evaporated milk and corn syrup. The "formulas" of today have the same basic constitution, with some adjustments. The commercial ABMs have a somewhat lower solute load than unmodified cow's milk, but remain significantly higher than breastmilk.] "Despite aggressive medical procedures, gangrene developed in her feet and in the lower portion of her legs. On the 19th day of hospitalization, a double amputation was performed (Abrams)." (Principles and Issues in Nutrition, Y.H. Hui, Wadsworth Health Sciences Division, 1985, pg. 252) [log in to unmask] (Arly Helm, LC)