> The study demonstrates that the levels of insecticides and fungicides found in fresh bee bread among colonies pollinating apple orchards are at levels of chronic effect concern or acutely toxic, even though there were no sprays during bloom. Some of the residues were from chemicals that were not in use during that season in the orchards. Many of the insecticides found in the pollen are known to degrade very slowly. Much of the collected pollen was not from apples. Personal experience of dwindling hives after apple pollination has caused me to stop pollinating. I do pollinate a small organic orchard with no noticeable problems. *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html