>What then is your interpretation of the authors' actual statement: "The current application protocol for fumagillin may exacerbate N. ceranae infection rather than suppress it"? That is what they said, I didn't editorialize. Note that they included the qualifier "may." I've spoken at length with both Dr Huang and Dr Solter about their research, and don't wish to speak for them, but my understanding of our conversations is that they were surprised by the finding. I reviewed the data, and do not question that a tiny dose of fumagillin appeared to increase nosema replication. But that is a far cry from finding that treatment overall will cause an exacerbation of infection. BTW, I'm extremely impressed by their work. Bringing in an expert on nosema in other insect species such as Dr. Solter gave novel insights in investigating the issue in honey bees. Their research was brilliant, and could have been published as three separate papers. -- Randy Oliver Grass Valley, CA www.ScientificBeekeeping.com *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html