These findings are of considerable interest, and a great follow up to previous work by the deRisi lab, which showed that mini epidemics of viruses come and go on weekly bases in hives. Of special interest is the finding that two viruses not normally screened for were shown to be replicating in the bees. Also, the apparent interactions between pathogens. What I have found frustrating is my inability to show any strong correlation between nosema prevalence in my monitored hives and colony mortality or loss of strength. I suspect that it is due to the "noise" generated by other infections. The more we look, the more different things we find infecting bees. -- Randy Oliver Grass Valley, CA www.ScientificBeekeeping.com *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html