I have always been weak on this subject but..... >>>>> there will be a shuffling of the genetic pack when the queens diploid egg cell precursors are differentiated in to haploid eggs (i.e. meiosis). During meiosis, parts of the maternal chromosome is swapped with the corresponding part of the paternal chromosome (and vice versa) before they are separated to for two haploid cells.<<<<<<< ...May not be well thought out. In meosis, sperm (Paternal chromosome) and egg, (maternal chromosome) are truly made into a single DNA strand. The writer has omitted that the drone comes from an unfertilized egg. The egg is not fertilized and then separated into 2 haploid cells. The egg arrives and remains haploid. Or am I just being thick? There are so many readers that have this down cold. They must be smiling. Dick *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm