Grant writes: Even a June 1st nuc made up from a hive that is treated may not make it to the next spring without treating. After a few years without treatment something changes where the mites seem less virulent. Not that the mites aren't still an issue. My experience follows the first point. But how do you get to the second point? If the bees die the first year, there are no bees the second and third year. PLB *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm