Dave in New Zealand is correct. Dr. Bruce Lighthart produced several papers on electrostatic charges on bees, uptake of spores, bacteria, etc. Earlier, E. Erickson of the Madison, later moved to Tucson, bee lab worked on this topic. Bees have charged bodies, but the amount can vary depending on environmental conditions. Some interesting work out of Germany found different charges (+ -) on the antennae, and bees apparently can switch the charge on the antenna! In Israel, work was done on pollen exchange btw bees and flowers, without the bee landing - and again, it looked like bees could switch polarity. Jerry *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm