>Nosema on the other hand seems to be common to all CCD colonies Not in my case, maybe I have something OTHER than ccd but just as damaging? OBA tech-transfer came to my (home) yard jul07 tested all but 1 (Q finisher)(10 hives) zero nosema, trace of TM (S yard still depopulated at that time) I hand delivered to Guelph 2 seperate times more samples -- zero nosema (early08)(OBA) I took 2 samples to BP -- a contract tech for OMAF -- zero nosema (early09) Randy has feacal scrapings (not tested yet), I am confident that these will also be -- zero nosema Maybe my sample times have been wrong and there is undetected nosema? dave *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm