>I wonder if it is proved or only hypothesized the link with Nosema bombi? though this does not directly answer your question, Koppert Industries in their CEQA(California Environmental Quality Act) doc several years ago included protocols to freeze or drown B. impatiens colonies when finished pollinating to mitigate pathogenic spillover to indengious species *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Access BEE-L directly at: http://community.lsoft.com/scripts/wa-LSOFTDONATIONS.exe?A0=BEE-L