In order to be able to "listen attentively" to music, the prepared listener has to know what to attend to. In my over 30 years of teaching at Northeastern University in Boston, it never occurred to me that having my students remember particular compositions had a valid educational purpose. As far as classical music goes, there certainly are guideposts that composers placed in their compositions for the listener. Composers wanted to communicate with listeners. Haydn said, "my musical language is understood in the whole world." The guideposts were form-schemata that all classical and many romantic composers repeated over and over again. Once listeners recognize these guideposts, a concert program that discusses "the recapitulation" would make much more sense. David Sonnenschein www.anatomyofmusic.com *********************************************** The CLASSICAL mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's HDMail High Deliverability Mailer for reliable, lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html