I couldn't resist posting on this as I've been researching the disappearing disease. Seems it appeared regularly in AU. On theory was that the poor soil in certain localities provided poor pollen. Bees were helped when their pollen was trapped out of the hive and supplements were fed. One wonders if it could apply in US right now. <http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/HBE/04-152.pdf> http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/HBE/04-152.pdf will get you started. Dick Marron -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---