A work that always makes me wince: the suite from _Les Sylphides_,
which is orchestrations of Chopin by (according to the page I looked at)
Alexandre Glazunov, Igor Stravinsky, Anatole Liadov, Nicolas Sokolov and
Sergei Taneyev.  I don't know if this has a life in the concert hall
apart from its use as a ballet score.

One could add other things like Britten's _Young Person's Guide to the
Orchestra_ which is based on a theme by Purcell.  There's a distinction
to be made (with a fuzzy area in the middle) between a composer's own
variations on/exploration of a theme by another, and a more straightforward
arrangement/re-orchestration/transcription of someone else's piece.  Both
types occur in your list.  There are lots more examples of the former:
just look at Beethoven's piano variations, for example.

Virginia Knight
Personal homepage: http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/~ggvhk/virginia.html
Blog (mostly about singing): http://devbox.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/~cmvhk/blog/