Kero J, Gissler M, Gronlund MM, Kero P, KoskinenP, Hemminki E, Isolauri E Mode of delivery and asthma -- is there a connection? Pediatr Res 2002 (Jul); 52 (1): 6-11 "In conclusion, these results suggest that caesarean section delivery may be associated with an increased prevalence of atopic asthma." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12084840&dopt=Abstract Smith GC, Wood AM, White IR, Pell JP, Cameron AD, Dobbie R. Neonatal respiratory morbidity at term and the risk of childhood asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2004 Oct;89(10):956-60. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal respiratory morbidity at term is associated with an increased risk of asthma in childhood which may explain previously described associations between caesarean delivery and later asthma. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15383441 Hakansson S, Kallen K. Caesarean section increases the risk of hospital care in childhood for asthma and gastroenteritis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2003 Jun;33(6):757-64. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase of the risk for developing symptoms of asthma and/or gastroenteritis that motivates admission for hospital care in CS children older than 1 year. It is speculated that a disturbed intestinal colonization pattern in CS children may be a common pathogenic factor. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12801309 Bager P, Melbye M, Rostgaard K, Benn CS, Westergaard T. Mode of delivery and risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Jan;111(1):51-6. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that cesarean section or other complicated modes of delivery are associated with the development of allergic rhinitis. However, there might be a positive association with development of asthma--in particular, for cesarean section--that was not explained by gestational age, birth weight, ponderal index, smallness for gestational age, parity, maternal age, or occupation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12532096 Xu B, Pekkanen J, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR. Caesarean section and risk of asthma and allergy in adulthood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Apr;107(4):732-3. Conclusions: Caesarean section had a strong effect on current doctor-diagnosed asthma in adulthood with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.23 (95% CI 1.53, 6.80). However, no substantial effects were observed for atopy, hay fever, and atopic eczema. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11295666 Xu B, Pekkanen J, Jarvelin MR. Obstetric complications and asthma in childhood. J Asthma. 2000;37(7):589-94. "The results encourage further evaluation of the association between obstetric complications and risk of asthma among children in other populations, and further exploration of possible mechanisms underlying the association." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11059526 Also found: Sütas Y The role of mode of delivery in atopy: elective caesarean section delivery impairs the capacity to generate IgA and IL 12 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 55th Annual Meeting March 15,1999 ****** About ADD: Boksa P, El-Khodor BF. Birth insult interacts with stress at adulthood to alter dopaminergic function in animal models: possible implications for schizophrenia and other disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003 Jan-Mar;27(1-2):91-101. Altered subcortical dopaminergic activity is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders including schizophrenia, substance abuse and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Epidemiological studies have implicated perinatal insults, particularly obstetric complications involving fetal or neonatal hypoxia, as etiological risk factors for schizophrenia. This suggests the possibility that perinatal hypoxia might have lasting effects on dopaminergic function. In animal models, dopaminergic systems appears to be particularly vulnerable to a wide range of perinatal insults, resulting in persistent alterations in function of mesolimbic and mesostriatal pathways. This review summarizes recent work characterizing long-term changes in dopaminergic function and biochemistry in models of Caesarean section (C-section) birth and of C-section birth with added global anoxia in the rat and guinea pig. C-section birth and C-section with anoxia appear to be two distinct hypoxic birth insults, with somewhat differing patterns of lasting effects on dopamine systems. In addition, birth insult alters the manner in which dopaminergic function is regulated by stress at adulthood. The possible relevance of these finding to effects of human birth procedures is discussed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12732226 ********* To be fair I also found these: Maitra A, Sherriff A, Strachan D, Henderson J; ALSPAC Study Team. Mode of delivery is not associated with asthma or atopy in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Sep;34(9):1349-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15347366 -and- McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smith C, Hubbard R. Mode of delivery and risk of developing allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 May;109(5):800-2. "We found no convincing evidence to suggest that babies born by caesarean, forceps, or breech delivery had an increased risk of developing allergic disease." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11994703 ********* And to be fair, and to make it breastfeeding-related, maybe having a c-section increases the risk of not initiating breastfeeding or not breastfeeding long enough and that increases the rates of asthma and ADD. Katie Bredbeck "The Truth will set you free. But first, it will piss you off." Gloria Steinham On Thursday, December 2, 2004, at 10:02 PM, [log in to unmask] wrote: > What about studies showing that C-section kids are more likely to have > asthma? ADD? etc? > XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX > I have never heard of any such studies. Please enlighten me. > > Nancy > Nancy E. Wight MD, IBCLC, FABM, FAAP > Neonatologist, Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Children's > Hospital > Medical Director, Sharp HealthCare Lactation Services > San Diego, CA > [log in to unmask] *********************************************** To temporarily stop your subscription: set lactnet nomail To start it again: set lactnet mail (or digest) To unsubscribe: unsubscribe lactnet All commands go to [log in to unmask] The LACTNET mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software together with L-Soft's LSMTP(R) mailer for lightning fast mail delivery. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html