In message <001a01c42169$441f4840$b2e9d518@newdell>, Lloyd Spear <[log in to unmask]> writes >I have now been uniting in this manner for many years and have never seen >any fighting. Thank you. I wonder if our near A.m.m. bees are less tolerant of such direct uniting. I once united a daughter colony to its parent, minus old queen, as soon as she showed a good laying pattern only to find a lot of dead bees. I also united a non-daughter after a month of resting over mesh (full area) over the colony she was to be united with, also without queen and found some fighting. I do unite nuclei without paper to queenless colonies giving them a few minutes of light and a good space between the parts without problems. Otherwise I trust newspaper. -- James Kilty :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/BEE-L for rules, FAQ and other info --- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::