Trying to solve a puzzle. The essential bits are these. (1) Tudor church organ best thought of as based on a Principal rank for singing to. (2) Keyboard had 26 or 27 naturals, 19 accidentals, for this rank. (3) Best guess is that 46-note keyboard was same as 47-note one except bottom C# missed out to make it cheaper. (4) Principal rank started from a 5ft pipe. (5) Mock a 5ft pipe up, you get a 100Hz sound (plus or minus 1Hz). (6) No handy book gives a list of all the notes used in the ORIGINAL (not re-edited) music manuscripts, alongside a list of the notes NEVER used. (7) English notation (eg Sternhold Psalter) seems to have gone c cc ccc and so on. (8) Point six means you can't specify pipe names (which pipes gave note e, g#, aa, ff#, ccc ddd# etc) for dead certain. Tomkins letter says 1614 Worcester C key gave F sound for the choir. (8) When Tudor organs being rebuilt (1660s/1670s) they were described as giving Gamut in D sol re. (9) So best guess is that lowest Principal notes included C/F (press C, get F) and D/G (press D, get G). (10) English described as being preoccupied with singing, as being excellent at it, etc. (11) When Schlick, Praetorius etc were advocating standards for three-manual organs, England was doggedly hanging on to the 'voices first' approach, would have nothing to do with mutations (eg 2-2/3) or mixtures (eg II-rank ffourniture) or reeds, or pedals. (12) Points ten and eleven encourage on to think England went its own way, so organ relics on the mainland are utterly irrelevant. (13) In support of point twelve, "Fog in Channel, Europe marooned" is a genuine newspaper headline from the second part of last Century, the refusal to join the Euro prevails now. Im Westen nichts neues, mon cher ami, sapristi? Glad of erudition. [log in to unmask]