Jeremey McMillan wrote: >What was classical and what was popular in the 19th century? How can one >make the distinction? That's easy. There wasn't one. And Bill Pirkle's distinction on the basis of continuous time-keeping percussion therefore falls even further apart. If it has any validity at all, which I doubt, it can only apply to the 20th century. And not to the first couple of decades because I think, without checking my copy of James Blades on percussion instruments, that the hi-hat cymbals on which he places such importance did not appear until well into the 1920s. Ian Crisp [log in to unmask]