I sent Naomi a separate message off list, hopefully, addressing her
question about how epidurals are "botched." If anyone else wants
that info, let me know and I would be glad to send you the message I
sent her.
In searching through my epidural files, I found a few references for
epidural effects on babies:
Lieberman, E and O'Donoghue, C. Unintended effects of epidural
analgesia during labor: a systemic review, May 2002, Am J Obstet
Gynecol
Baumgardner, DJ, et al. Effect of Labor Epidural Anesthesia on
Breast-Feeding of Healthy Full-Term Newborns Delivered Vaginally. J
Am Board Fam Pract 16(1) 7-13, 2003
(the following are all referenced in the 1987 ICEA position statement
on epidurals--this document was updated in 1999, but I can't get my
hands on that copy.)
Arvad C, Minrod C. 1985. Risks and Benefits of obstetric epidural
analgesia: a review. Birth 12 (4):215-225
Bennet A, et al. Review artice on the use of epidural bupivacaine
for the relief ot childbirth pain. Australian Paediatric J 23: 13-19
Clark R. 1985. Fetal and neonatal effects of epidural anesthesia.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Annual 14.
Corke B and Spielman F. 1985. Problems associated with epidural
anesthesia in obstetrics. Obstetrics and Gynecology 65: 837-839
Murray AD, et al. 1981. Effect of epidural anesthesia on newborns
and their mothers. Child development 52: 71-82.
Rosen M, et al. 1984. Evaluation of neurotoxicity after
subarachnoid injection of large volumes of local anesthetic
solutions. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 4(1): 28-29
Rosenblatt DB, et al. 1981. The influence of maternal analgesia on
neonatal behavior: II epidural pupivacaine. British J of Obstetrics
and Gynecology 88:407-413.
Scanlon, J, et al. 1976. Neubehavioral responses and drug
concentrations in newborns after maternal epidural anesthesia with
bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 45 (4): 400-405
Willdeck-Lund G, et al, 1979. Effect of segmental epidrual blockon
the course of labour and the condition of the infant during the
neonatal peiod. Anaesthesia Scandanavia 23: 301-311.
Also, you might want to look at:
ICAN's a position paper on Epidurals--Real Risks for Mother and Baby,
which can be found here:
http://www.ican-online.org/resources/white_papers/wp_epidurals1.htm
And a couple of really good, general purpose research-based books on
birth practices, which also include some info on how practices affect
the babies):
The Thinking Woman's Guide to a Better Birth, by Henci Goer (written
for consumers, but good info for practationers, too)
A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and childbirth, by Murray
Enkin, et al. The text of this book is actually available online
(for free!) at: http://www.maternitywise.org/guide/index.html
I typed all this in as fast as my fingers would go, so I hope I
didn't make too many errors in the references.
Laura Mundt, ICCE
Who works at a hospital with an 85% epidural rate and every time I
try to tell the families in my classes about the risks of epidurals,
I get branded as "anti-epidural."
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