The study population is probably the important issue here. 
Neonatologists usually work with preterm infants, or very ill infants, 
who have undeveloped aerobic capacity for feeding, and stressed or 
immature neurological control of the coordination of swallowing and 
breathing. These babies can spill a tremendous amount of milk from their 
lips in self defense when bottle fed the traditional way (laying down 
with the bottle upright) particularly when artificial milk company 
nipples (which are particularly fast-flowing) are used. That red 
"premie" nipple is the worst, it's a firehose!

Lactation consultants who understand flow issues can usually bottle feed 
a baby without any spillage, by sitting the baby up and holding the 
bottle horizontally so the nipple is only half full of milk (and the top 
half is full of air). This neutralizes the flow and allows the baby more 
control. Air if pushed out of the nose by the soft palate right before 
the swallow, so the air is not swallowed in well controlled swallowing. 
If the baby has to gulp, then this doesn't happen efficiently, and the 
air winds up in the stomach.

Catherine Watson Genna, IBCLC  NYC

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