Clarke, Donald.  All or Nothing at All:  A Life of Sinatra.  New York:
Fromm International.  Originally published 1997.  290 pp.  ISBN:
0880642246.

A friend of mine, now in his eighties, once remarked sadly, "Everything
passes.  Even Gershwin." The great age of American popular songwriters
has gone, and we are left mainly with the witless and the self-indulgent.
Arthur Schwartz, Harry Warren, and Burton Lane are, to most, names only,
and the jazz-influenced harmonies of these men lie quite beyond the range
of most of today's current successes.  The music from roughly the Twenties
to the Fifties became the bedrock of Sinatra's repertoire, and no one sang
it better.  As it became classic, so did he.

As the plays of Sophocles did for Aristotle, the classic invites us to
make a definitive statement.  Sinatra resists this kind of pinning down.
In a sense, he is too many things to too many people.  Mel Torme, no
slouch himself in Sinatra's artistic territory, called him "the voice
of our time." To those of a certain age, Sinatra was simply The Voice.
Tony Bennett realized early on in his career that Sinatra had made things
difficult for other male pop singers.  Once Sinatra had recorded a song,
finding an alternate, individual interpretation an audience would accept
took a great deal of work.  To paraphrase the critic Gene Lees, if you
didn't sing it like Sinatra, you sounded as if you were singing it wrong.
If Sinatra were only the best male pop singer of his time, that would be
something, but, as Clarke points out, Sinatra became central to the culture
- even an icon.  For a certain generation, he epitomized hip and cool, even
though his personal life ran often at violent odds with the image.  One can
argue that a truly hip and cool guy doesn't punch out or have beaten up
people who can't fight back.  After the early Sixties, hip and cool moved
away from Sinatra toward people like John Lennon, which must have really
burned Sinatra up.  On the other hand, a lot of high-profile rockers - from
Jim Morrison to Elvis Costello - openly admired Sinatra's singing, as well
they should.

Clarke's usual virtues (he has written on the pop music business and a
bio of Billie Holiday, as well as edited The Penguin Encyclopedia of
Popular Music) are abundant.  He comes up with individual observations
remarkably at the heart of the matter.  He takes us on a breathtaking tour
of pop music from the beginning of the Twentieth Century and tells us why
American pop differs from its European counterpart.  Also, without getting
dauntingly technical, Clarke puts across what was so extraordinary about
Sinatra's singing.  In the field of pop (as opposed to jazz), Bing Crosby
and Fred Astaire are probably the real revolutionaries.  They laid down the
ground rules for what to do with a microphone, but neither had Sinatra's
impact.  Astaire simply never had the pipes, although he had everything
else.  Crosby wasn't a repertory singer the way Sinatra was.  He made a
great deal of money even with a great deal of schlock, and he had about
twenty good years.  Sinatra went on and on, to a great extent revisiting
the same songs but with new insight, and touched the culture more palpably.
I don't want to give anything away, so you'll have to read Clarke for
yourself.

Clarke also refers to Sinatra's messed-up, highly self-destructive
personal life, but don't expect a tell-all.  Clearly Sinatra's psyche
doesn't interest Clarke as much as the answer to why so many of us let
Old Blue Eyes act out so often.  How Sinatra got inside of us is the grail
Clarke pursues.  Clarke shows Sinatra at the center of changes in the music
business and as a representative of the postwar era.  This thread alone is
worth the price of the book, and very few people other than Clarke could
have pulled it off.

We still need a technical book on Sinatra's singing, one that would
benefit not only pop singers, but classically trained singers as well.
Sinatra phrased with great acuity of meaning, which means he understood
intellectually and emotionally his texts and could find the convincing
musical expression of that meaning.  Although as he grew older, he could
no longer sustain the long lines that had made him famous, he still found
ways - much as Mabel Mercer did - to make wonderful music, as in his late,
hard-swinging rendition of Kern's "The Way You Look Tonight." His failures
mainly had to do with choosing songs far from his style and ideal point of
view - essentially urban, emotionally sophisticated, and tinged with jazz.
Folk music, however beautiful, was beyond him.  His attempts to find new
songs, although he had a number of hits, weren't always successful.  Even
he hated "Strangers in the Night," although (as Clarke points out) this
leaves the puzzle of why he recorded it at all.  "L.  A.  Is My Lady" is
even worse, and the Cycles, Duets (both volumes), and Trilogy albums (or
substantial parts of them) crashed and burned.  This to me is the saddest
part of Clarke's story.  Sinatra regarded himself as a singer of current
songs, but with few exceptions current songs weren't right for him.  The
heart of his music, by the time he stopped performing, was forty to seventy
years old.  On the other hand, that heart was extraordinarily strong, and
no one has yet supplanted Sinatra's musical pre-eminence.

Steve Schwartz