Franz Joseph Haydn
          Die Schoepfung

*  Sunhae Im, soprano
*  Jan Kabow, tenor
*  Hanno Mueller-Brachmann, bass

VokalEnsemble Koeln
Capella Augustina/Andreas Spering
Naxos 8.557680-81 Total time: 104:22

Summary for the Busy Executive: The wonder of his work.

Haydn's Die Schoepfung (creation) came about through his tours of England,
where he encountered England's continuing love affair with the oratorios
of Handel.  The impresario Salomon supplied him with a libretto by one
Lidley or Lindley (nobody's sure), by all accounts a truly awful piece
of work that combined the Bible, Milton, and supposedly Lindley/Lidley's
own verse.  Some evidence suggests that this libretto was offered to and
rejected by Handel himself.  At any rate, the idea was to capitalize on
British taste, to the good fortune of impresario and composer.

Haydn took the libretto back to Vienna and immediately turned it over
to Baron van Swieten, musical antiquary and patron (he commissioned
Mozart's arrangement of Handel's Messiah), who translated it into German
and "improved" it.  This is the text that Haydn set.  The baron then
retranslated the libretto back into English for the London premiere.
Some complain about the final English product, because the Baron's English
wasn't "idiomatic," but not me.  It's certainly no worse than several
of Handel's libretti, like Judas Maccabeus, for one.

The work falls into three parts, arranged in a kind of metaphysical
ascent along the Great Chain of Being.  The first gives us the scenery,
so to speak, as God creates the heavens and the earth, the firmament,
the waters, the plants, the stars in the heavens.  The second gives us
the critters, culminating in the creation of man, "the king of nature."
The third looks at the private life of Adam and Eve, pre-Fall.  Haydn
caps each section with increasingly magnificent choral praises, culminating
in a double fugue for the final chorus.  The third part for me has always
been the weakest, mainly because of the libretto (the corresponding
sections of Paradise Lost present me with the same difficulty), whose
sentiments are so outrageous.  The writers, seeking to portray idyllic
marriage, obviously have very little idea (even for the pre-lib time)
why marriages stay together.  The Stepford-submissive sentiments uttered
by Eve would be enough to get me, for one, to pack a bag and hot-foot
it to Sandusky, never to return.  I'd also hide the kitchen knives.

However, libretto counts for less in oratorio than music does, and
Haydn writes at his considerable peak.  Indeed, the music triumphs over
a fairly static "plot." Oratorio largely developed as a sacred counterpart
to opera.  Handel went from one to the other with only a change from
Livy to Leviticus & Co.  Oratorio usually gives you strong situation and
the opportunity for character portrayal, as seen in something like
Mendelssohn's Elijah.  Haydn's muse wasn't a particularly dramatic one.
However, he excelled at the lyric and the descriptive.  Thus, we get in
Die Schoepfung fabulous nature-painting in music, pre-Beethoven of course,
and especially athletic choruses praising the Almighty and "the wonder
of his works."

For years, under the sway of Handel's Messiah and Israel in Egypt,
Mendelssohn's Elijah, and Honegger's Jeanne d' Arc au bucher, I considered
Haydn's oratorios pretty small beer.  Then I started learning them in
choirs.  Forced to look at the details - daring as Handel, or any of the
above - I turned right around and became positively ardent.  Unfortunately,
very few recordings I heard and performances I took part in to me lived
up to the miracles in the score.  I usually got the image of Papa Haydn,
naive and comfortable, rather than the musical revolutionary.

I don't hesitate to call this recording revelatory and beyond question
the best I've heard of this work.  The use of original instruments really
lets you appreciate Haydn the brilliant orchestrator (as far as I'm
concerned, he outstrips Mozart in this regard).  For once, Haydn's daring
doesn't get lost in the smooth comfort of familiar symphonic sounds.
You can imagine that you hear what the first Vienna audience heard, in
all its brilliantly quirky invention.  But there have been original-instrument
recordings before, even good ones, that don't measure up to what Spering
achieves here.  In my readings of composers' prose, I very often come
across the sentiment that because many of them think of their music as
powerful, rather than elegant, they want something other than suavity
from their executants.  They are far more willing to rough up their music
than most professional conductors, who probably sense that their audience
will pounce on every wrong note.  Copland, for example, is hilarious on
"the soigne approach." Something like that often happens to both Haydn
and Mozart.  People are so busy polishing that they rub off the rough
edges the composers took the trouble to build in.  Spering gives kindly
Papa Haydn the boot and shows us instead the audacious radical, eager
to get your jaw to drop and every bit as forward-looking as Beethoven,
who seems to have picked up a lot more from his teacher than he admitted,
even well into the middle period.

Of course, powerful doesn't necessarily mean sloppy.  The players,
chorus, and soloists are razor-sharp rhythmically, and the textures
are beautifully clear and balanced.  You get that with Haydn anyway,
even with modern instruments, but here the clarity crosses over into the
preternatural.  The chorus is a fine, flexible instrument.  If its tone
isn't quite as robust as, say, that of the London Bach Chorus, it doesn't
have to be.  The soprano and tenor soloists are essentially Lieder rather
than opera singers.  The bass, with fuller tone, lacks their flexibility
in the quicker runs.  Nevertheless, they all sing with subtle musicality.
It's a pleasure to listen to them.

If you paid full price, you'd be stealing this disc.  At the Naxos price,
it's irresistible.

Steve Schwartz