Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Goldberg Variations, BWV 988 [90:24]
14 Canons on the Ground from the Goldberg Variations, BWV 1087 [8:43]
Richard Egarr, harpsichord
Recorded Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente, March 2005
Harmonia Mundi HMU 907425.26 [2cds - 43:26 + 55:41]

King Arthur had his quest for the Holy Grail, and Columbus searched for
riches in the New World.  Although not of such lofty goals, the early
music keyboardist Richard Egarr searches for Bach's cantabile heaven
in his new recording of the Goldberg Variations.  In his booklet notes,
Egarr makes his case that the harpsichord "firmly belongs within the
resonant family of instruments - with the lute and harp.  We must try
to make it the 'machine-that-can-sing', or at least ring".

Clearly, Egarr is not happy with the tendency of harpsichordists to
offer strongly-articulated phrasing which is too detached to allow Bach's
singing tone to prevail.  In Egarr's quest to find cantabile heaven, he
uses two features of a rather unique nature.  First, he employs a tuning
system that has recently been advanced as the one Bach may have used for
his own keyboard works.  This system was researched and developed by the
musicologist and early keyboard artist Bradley Lehman.  Without going
into the details of the research, Lehman has taken a 17th century sixth
comma meantone tuning and adjusted it to accommodate the most remote
key areas.  In doing so, Lehman is confident that he has developed a
tuning regimen that highlights the musicality and attractiveness of the
harpsichord.  Egarr is of like mind, and uses Lehman's tuning system to
assist in reaching cantabile heaven.

The second device Egarr employs concerns seagull quills.  As Egarr
explains, "My instrument was thoroughly re-voiced in seagull for this
recording.  There is a softer-edged beginning to the sound that seems
to coax the note into life rather than forcing it.  It is absolutely
more vocal - once again allowing Bach greater access to his desired
cantabile".

Does the Lehman tuning system and use of quills have a significant effect
on the musical presentation?  I am convinced that these features have
substantial impact.  Never have I heard such fluid and elastic phrasing
along with a beautiful harpsichord tone.  Of course, Egarr has much to
do with these effects, and I think it fair to say that he has fully
succeeded in reaching Bach's cantabile heaven.

However, all is far from perfect.  Egarr has placed an enormous weight
on a singing and highly melodious tone to the detriment of other factors.
His articulation is generally on the weak side, and it has been quite a
few years since I've heard a version of the Goldberg Variations with so
little determination; pointed phrasing simply gets little attention from
Egarr, and the quills do not help the matter.  Perhaps most important,
Egarr conveys little of the excitement, drive, and momentum of the faster
variations that comes from the best harpsichord versions including those
of Kenneth Gilbert on Harmonia Mundi, Gustav Leonhardt on Teldec, and
Pierre Hantai on Mirare.  Egarr takes the fast variations at a pace
much slower than the norm, robbing them of their inherent exuberance
and propulsive elements and substituting an unappealing restraint and
sluggishness.  Another problematic aspect is that Egarr is not interested
in representing the underbelly of the human condition as Variations 9,
13, 15, and 25 (The Black Pearl) are not sufficiently characterized.
Disappointment also comes to center stage with Egarr's performance of
Variation 30.  In this variation, a singing tone is an absolute necessity;
yet, Egarr abandons his own stated cantabile goals and offers us quite
a choppy presentation.

If Egarr's version of the Goldberg Variations has value, it comes from
the charm, elegance, beauty of line and elasticity of the performances.
But those felicities are not sufficient on their own to win the day.
Ultimately, in a great performance of the Goldbergs, I salivate at the
thought of hearing the repeats.  Although Egarr observes all of them,
in not one case do I find myself eagerly awaiting them.

Egarr does add a nice filler in the form of Bach's 14 Canons on the first
eight bass notes of the opening Aria of the Goldberg Variations.  They
were discovered in 1974 but remain infrequently recorded, no doubt because
some of the canons are impossible to play by only one performer.  Egarr's
solution, one that likely will not sit well with purists, is to multi-track
the canons requiring more than two hands.  Regardless, the performance
is excellent and pays less attention to a cantabile style than Egarr
offers in the main work.  The result is a more pointed and strongly
articulated interpretation.

Don's Conclusions: For those who treasure elegance, beauty and elasticity
in their Bach keyboard recordings, the new Egarr version of the Goldberg
Variations should well satisfy.  But those looking for a broader set of
qualities might be disappointed.  Personally, I find the interpretations
rather soft-grained with a very low excitement/drive quotient.  The
booklet notes are exceptional and give a fine explanation of Egarr's
motivation in making this recording; the soundstage is clear and crisp
with admirable depth.  If it seems that I have been straddling the fence
a little, allow me to correct the situation by stating clearly that
Egarr's Goldberg Variations is not one of the great recorded performances
of the work.

Don Satz
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