Renato Vinicius <[log in to unmask]> wrote:

>Had Toscanini any relationship with nazists or facists?

Politically, he loathed facism/naziism with a fury; an attitude which
cost him quite a few opportunities in Europe.  Aesthetically, Toscanini
was brough up with the same Goethic visions of the artist-as-hero (ie, not
because the artist did something heroic, as in the case of Theodorakis; but
merely because he was an artist) as the facists/nazis were; so the sense
that his conducting style sounds facistic probably isn't facile.

All the best,
Robert Clements <[log in to unmask]>