British Modern
Vol. 1

*  Sir Arthur Bliss: Discourse for Orchestra (1957)
*  Edmund Rubbra: Improvisation for Violin and Orchestra, op. 89 (1955)
*  Malcolm Arnold: Concerto for 2 Violins and String Orchestra (1962)
*  John Addison: Concerto for Trumpet, Strings, & Percussion (1958)

Sidney Harth, violin
Paul Kling & Peter McHugh, violins
Leon Rapier, trumpet
The Louisville Orchestra/Robert Whitney, Jorge Mester
First Edition FECD-1904 Total time: 67:36

Summary for the Busy Executive: Welcome back.

In the Fifties and Sixties, the Louisville Orchestra, under the guidance
of its director Robert Whitney and with the support of the Ford Foundation,
embarked on one of the most enterprising commissioning and recording
series of its time.  Whitney had wide-ranging interests.  Although he
concentrated on American composers, he did not confine himself to them.
Like most talented commissioners, he seemed to know whom to ask for work.
Louisville premiered live performances or recordings of scores by Martinu,
Milhaud, Hindemith, Bloch, Ibert, Foss, Hovhaness, Chou Wen-Chung,
Riegger, Sessions, Mennin, and Piston, among many others.

First Editions has repackaged many of the original recordings, and, thank
goodness, in a rational way. Here we have a selection of work by British
composers.  The Bliss and the Rubbra were Louisville commissions.  All
four recordings were premieres.  The Louisville First Edition series
constituted an important part of my musical education 'way back when -
an easy, mostly painless introduction to 20th-century music.  Whitney,
a Britisher himself, knew the English scene quite well and could dig a
bit deeper to find more than the usual suspects.

Sir Arthur Bliss made his biggest splash in the Twenties and Thirties
as an aggressive British Modernist, aligning himself with Stravinsky and
the younger French.  His Modernism, however, turned out mostly superficial
- a matter of concept, really - and his links to Elgar and late Romanticism
soon became apparent.  In the Thirties, he was eclipsed by Vaughan
Williams and Walton, in the Fifties by Britten.  However, he succeeded
Bax as Master of the Queen's Music, and his postwar music, with the
exception of his oratorio Morning Heroes (a work that comes out of his
experience of the First World War), remains the period of his work that
interests me most.  Discourse belongs to this period.  Despite his
Romantic language, I find a strongly objective, "illustrative" quality
to his music.  The music may build powerful climaxes, but this does not
usually indicate any sort of personal catharsis.  It's as if he observes
emotions at a remove, rather than feels them himself.  I don't condemn,
I merely describe the peculiar atmosphere of his music.  For this reason,
I think, some of his most successful work he wrote for ballets and film
scores.  Usually, these genres attract composers weak in structure, but
that's certainly not the case with Bliss.  Indeed, most of his music
shows a strong architectural interest, and even playfulness.  One sees
this in the Discourse, which combines features of a variation set with
a symphonic movement.  Bliss later revised the score, not necessarily
for the better (he cut out my favorite section), and this is the original
version.  It's a score of great color and energy, but not necessarily
of great depth.

Edmund Rubbra has an artistic personality almost the exact opposite of
Bliss's - sober, serious, and introspective.  Rubbra studied with Holst
and through him became enamored of the counterpoint of the Tudor composers,
which he has applied to modern classical forms.  He's a terrific symphonist,
not all that interested in theater, and his music characteristically
meditates, rather than sings or dances in the usual way, although it has
both beauty and rhythmic interest.  Much of the time it unfolds like an
Elizabethan fantasia.  The Improvisation for violin and orchestra, one
of his finest scores, typifies his output.  It proceeds in long, lyrical
lines - although the composer may not have conceived it that way.  For
the lines consist of little bits of ideas, which Rubbra combines and
recombines into new long melodies.  Unlike many other composers who work
in this fashion, Rubbra never leaves you in doubt as to where you are.
Indeed, the effect of the score is that of a long melody played under
different moods.  The effect, in a good performance, is one of spontaneous
inspiration.  The score, however, shows the amount of work that went
into achieving that effect.

Malcolm Arnold began his career as an orchestral trumpet player and
virtuoso. His scores brim with the kind of practical, professional knowledge
that players love. However, this quality sometimes got in the way of
critics, who used to attack him as slick. His considerable income as a film
composer didn't help. Musically, Arnold belongs to the Walton wing of
British music. Unlike Walton, however, he feels the influence of Mahler,
especially drawn to the inclusion of "low" elements in serious contexts.
Early on, critics and audiences alike felt disoriented and put off, just as
their counterparts had with Mahler. This also contributed to the low level
of Arnold's stock and the undervaluing of many of his scores. With the
appearance, however, of the seventh symphony, this assessment has been
revised upwards.

Arnold has written at least twenty concerti, many of them for his friends
or for players he admired.  The concerto for two violins, commissioned
by Menuhin, stands as one of his best.  Although it lacks the composer's
characteristic vulgarity and raucous humor, it compensates by a beautifully
tight argument, contrapuntally advanced.  Arnold wrote it in memory of
his two brothers, which accounts for its sober (though neither stolid
nor pompous) tone.  It's so well-written that it brings to mind the Bach
d-minor for two violins.  The violins weave in and out in quasi-fugato
and stretto.  The accompanying strings provide lean, muscular support.
The slow movement crowns the work: an intense, long-lined aria based on
two related ideas, so that it becomes nearly monothematic.  One point
of interest: the finale is a rhythmic rewrite of the opening movement.

Like Malcolm Arnold, John Addison studied with Gordon Jacob at the Royal
College of Music.  After making a splash in the early Fifties with such
scores as his ballet Carte Blanche, he became increasingly involved with
theater and film.  He scored John Osborne's Luther and The Entertainer
and won the Academy Award for his music for Tom Jones.  In the Seventies,
he disappeared into movie and TV work in Los Angeles, coming up with the
main title for, among other things, Murder, She Wrote.  I wouldn't hold
it against him.  All the concert work by Addison I've heard has run on
the light side, not excepting the trumpet concerto.  He reminds me more
of a French composer like Ibert or Francaix, full of blithe spirits,
than the Modern British.  The concerto, a masterpiece of light music,
allows the trumpet to saunter down the boulevards, like Charles Trenet.
It's more important than profound: it's loveable.

Paul Kling and Peter McHugh give a stirring performance of the Arnold,
while Harth sings with warmth and intelligence in the Rubbra.  Trumpeter
Leon Rapier is appropriately cheeky in Addison's concerto.  The Louisville
never was a first-rank orchestra, but it worked heroically on behalf of,
by definition, unfamiliar scores.  The sound isn't super-swell, but it
is acceptable.  For those who care, the Rubbra and the Bliss are in mono.
However, I believe only the Arnold and the Rubbra are currently available
in modern sound.  Even so, this remains a classic set of recordings.

Steve Schwartz

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