>Tell me again how I am supposed to interpret the results and manage?  Very
conflicting information as I see it so far?

That's been the story with N ceranae.  I don't make recommendations, but in
my Calif operation, I've found that keeping young queens and good
nutrition, along with good varroa management to prevent viruses from going
epidemic appears to make N ceranae not a problem.

But if colonies struggle in Feb, esp when there are occasional frosts, N
ceranae can finish a weak colony off during the spring turnover.

In colder winter areas, treatment with fumagillin in fall may well help if
you've checked to confirm that your colonies are actually infected with
nosema.


-- 


Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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