> According to both the European Council’s Honey Directive 2001/110/EC and the present Codex Aliminerius Honey Standard, filtration of honey is permitted. After this filtration process, the microscopic determination of the botanical and geographical origin of honeys is no longer possible since all the pollen has been removed. 

> In many honey countries, there is a considerable difference in the price of honey depending on the botanical and geographical origin. There is the risk of fraud if expensive unfiltered honey is mixed with cheap filtered honey. In this research project, a method was developed that allows the detection of mixtures of filtered and unfiltered honey. 

> If a large part of the pollen is removed by filtration, the microscopic identification of a honey’s botanical and geographical origin is not longer possible, meaning that the authenticity of the honey cannot be tested. For this reason, the Agricultural Committee of the Federal Assembly of Germany demanded in 2003 that analytical methods needed to be devel- oped for determining blends of filtered with unfiltered honeys.

Characterization of filtered honey by electrophoresis of enzyme fractions
Apidologie (2011) 42:59–66

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