>As long as harm is hard or impossible to

> detect among all the other harms happening at the same time and the same
> place, I think we have to be satisfied from a practical point of view.


The above is the relevant aspect.  When certain beekeepers experience much
higher loss rates than I, I look to see what aspects of our management, and
what exposures to our bees are different.  The difficulty in detecting harm
often has a lot to do with whether you are looking carefully.

I've yet to find an effective miticide, synthetic or natural, that does not
cause some harm to colonies (I don't consider powdered sugar to be a
"miticide").

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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