>
> >I thought that was well established.  N.c. is a 'summer' disease; Fumidil
> in autumn is ineffective.  That is what I have been fed - but is it true?
>

The data that I've seen indicate that N ceranae infections roughly follow
the timing of N apis--fall and spring.  Spiking in May.

>
> >We were told that N.c. wiped out 50,000 colonies in Spain during the
> winter of 2005-06 (?) - but is it true?


Other Spanish researchers dispute that N ceranae was the cause.


> > We have also been told that N.c. + an insect  iridescent virus is the
> cause of CCD - but this was rubbished by Prof Ingemar Fries at the recent
> BBKA Spring Convention.
>

I don't know how anyone could "rubbish" that research at this time without
more information than is currently available.

>
> >Can we believe anyone anymore?


You can generally "believe" data.  The interpretation of that data is often
questionable and contentious.

Randy Oliver, always questioning

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