I forgot to put the link in my last post.
https://esa.confex.com/esa/2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/125434

Small quote
>Honey bee viruses have been studied extensively since their discovery, but much basic work remains to be done. Transmission routes have been identified vertically from queen to offspring, horizontally via vectors, orally through feeding, and by sexual transmission. However; other possible transmission routes, like surface contamination, have scarcely been studied. Earlier work in our lab showed that honey bee viruses are present, with high prevalence, on wax comb (detected with RT-qPCR). Additionally, viruses are introduced to wax via simple worker activity, even when excluding food storage and brood rearing; with evidence for virus transmission through aerosolization. Our current work examines the infectivity of these wax- and airborne viruses to worker bees. Three experiments were performed: wax wash injection, wax brood rearing, and airborne infectivity. For wax wash injections, white-pink eyed pupae were injected with a PBS wash of high virus (HV) wax, extracted wash of HV wax, control PBS, or only handled. They were kept in an incubator and sampled at 48 and 72 hours. For wax brood rearing, frames drawn in either HV or low virus (LV) hives were inserted into three-frame observation hives. A “nucleus” colony with 1500-2000 New Zealand workers and queens were put into these observation hives restricted for brood rearing. Purple-eyed pupae were sampled to compare virus levels between HV and LV wax. For airborne infectivity, HV and LV bees were caged, separated by single mesh (contact) or double mesh (air only) and LV only controls. Virus levels were compared after six days.
Sorry
gww

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