"the daughters of Italian queens which have mated to Carniolan drones produce both Italian and Carniolan drones."

 A drone has only one of each chromosome.  But, those single chromosomes do not trace to either grandparent in whole.  If I mate a Italian queen to a Carnie drone and make an F1 queen that queen has one set of chromosomes that came from the Italian queen and the other set that came from the Carnie drone.  When she produces a haploid egg every one of her chromosomes undergoes cross overs (probably several cross overs for each chromosome) and if that egg does not get fertilized it becomes a drone.  If that drone got the part of the chromosome that codes for dark color it will be dark.  If it got the part of a the chromosome that codes for yellow it will be yellow.  That tells you nothing at all about the rest of that drones genome.  The dark drone could just as easy also get the part of the chromosomes that code for large brood nests and large winter populations and behave as if it was Italian even thou it looks Carnie.  The observation Pete reports is simply the expected genetic result of crossing over.  That drone would not be an F1 because an F1 by definition is the result of a cross between species (breeds, strains, races, you pick your favorite buzz word).  A drone being haploid simply does not fit the definition of F1 and as far as I know there really is no good shorthand word for it that describes ancestry.

Dick

HL Mencken said: "The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed — and hence clamorous to be led to safety — by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary. "

--------------------------------------------
On Wed, 7/11/18, Pete B <[log in to unmask]> wrote:

 Subject: Re: [BEE-L] INHERITANCE IN THE HONEY BEE
 To: [log in to unmask]
 Date: Wednesday, July 11, 2018, 1:07 PM
 
 > Can you provide an explanation as to why
 an F1 queen wouldn't produce what would be considered F1
 drones?  
 
 F1 refers t the first generation from a
 cross. The queen is the product of the cross between two
 parents, and has 2 copies of each chromosome, one from each
 parent. The drone only has one set of 16 chromosomes so he
 wouldn't be referred to as a cross. "the daughters of
 Italian queens which have mated to Carniolan drones produce
 both Italian and Carniolan drones."
 
 PLB
 
          
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