> I notice that quite often here in the midwest in mid summer,  again,  only with Russian or Carni type queens.  For serious honey and pollination I run Italian types 

Personally, I wonder if the bees in the US can be classified as Italian, Carniolan, or they are mostly a mix. I thought the only difference is color, (sorta like black and yellow Labrador retrievers). Seeley sampled bees in the woods near my location and found

> Sequencing of the COI-COII intergenic region revealed just two haplotypes in the three groups of colonies: C1 and C2, which are common in two subspecies of the honeybee native to Europe, Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera carnica, respectively. The 8 colonies in the Arnot Forest that yielded a clear result exhibited an even distribution of the C1 (ligustica) and C2 (carnica) haplotypes (50 % C1 and 50 % C2)

(You know, like chocolate labs)

PLB

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