Quoted material:

The survey data from our study indicate that approximately 70%
of colonies in Virginia are infected with N. ceranae and that it is the
predominant species affecting honey bee colonies.

Disease prevalence and mean infection intensities did not vary
between different geographic regions of the state.

The diagnosis of N. ceranae infected colonies in the field is difficult
due to a lack of outward signs of infection (Fries, 2010; Higes
et al., 2010). Our studies also show that colony strength is not a
good indicator of infection. No differences were found between
beekeeper ratings of colony strength and the level of infection

High and moderate level infections were detected over 80% of the 
time using spore counts and the accuracy of such diagnoses could 
be improved by using larger sample sizes or repeated sampling. 

Prevalence and infection intensity of Nosema in honey bee
(Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Virginia
Brenna E. Traver, Richard D. Fell

             ***********************************************
The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned
LISTSERV(R) list management software.  For more information, go to:
http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html

Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at:
http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm