>> Are there known effects of sub-lethal doses on the raising of
>> queens and the willingness of colonies to start and maintain
>> cells?

> We conducted research on the potential impacts of fluvalinate and
> coumaphos on honey bee, Apis mellifera L., queen viability and
> health. Queens were reared in colonies that had been treated with
> differing amounts of both fluvalinate and coumaphos.

Thanks.  I think we all know that the effects of beekeeper=applied
chemicals have been well studied.  That is a good thing, but also a
distraction from paying attention to the grower and community-applied
chemicals.

It is very easy to identify and blame the effects of the
beekeeper-applied chemicals, and there is little debate or defending of
them other than they are considered a necessary evil and we know they do
harm.  Nobody is hiding data.  There is no incentive, so these few
ubiquitous chemicals are often cited.

On the other hand, there are many ag chemicals out there that are
harmful and we don't know the extent because they are defended -- and
much relevant data is protected from scrutiny by their manufacturers
and users.

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