> Interestingly, here on BEE-L, we often find what real beekeepers on the ground and those in the Ivory Towers "know" differs substantially.

I am not sure what you mean by this, but I merely offered these examples to bolster what I was saying in the first place, which was not based upon any studies but on what I have seen with my own eyes, working with honey bees for almost forty years. 

Perhaps I was foolish to think that others would attempt to back up their observations with a little more than "that's how I see it", but I wonder, has anyone learned anything? If not, it has been a waste of time.

PLB

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