> >Oxalic acid is hurting (weakening) bees and open a gate for secondary
> > diseases ( for instance - virus).

> 
> so where is this documented?

Apidologie 35 (2004) 453-460 
DOI: 10.1051/apido:2004037

Cell death in honeybee (Apis mellifera) larvae treated with oxalic or 
formic acid Ales Gregorca, Azra Pogacnika and Ivor D. Bowenb  

a  Veterinary Faculty of the University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 
1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia  

b  Cardiff School of Biosciences, Preclinical Building, Cardiff 
University, PO Box 911, Cardiff, CF10 3US, UK  

Abstract - The effects of oxalic (OA) and formic acids (FA) on 
honeybee larvae in colonies were assessed and evaluated. Cell death 
was detected by the TUNEL technique for DNA labelling. In 3- and 5-
day-old larvae exposed to OA, cell death was found in 25% of midgut 
epithelial cells 5 h after the treatment, using an "In situ cell 
death detection kit, AP" (Roche). The level of cell death increased 
to 70% by the 21st hour and the morphology of the epithelium remained 
unchanged. Fifty hours after the application, cell death was 
established in 18% of the epithelial cells of the 3-day-old larvae 
and had increased to 82% in the 5-day-old larvae. A "DeadEnd" 
apoptosis detection kit (Promega) showed sporadic cell death mainly 
in the larval fat body 5 h after treatment. Twenty-one hours after 
the OA application cell death was found in 4% of the larval midgut 
epithelial cells. Evaporated formic acid induced extensive apoptotic 
cell death in the peripheral, cuticular and subcuticular tissues that 
preceded the cell death of the entire larval body.   


> here in Ontario it works like a charm and is highly recommended

You probably don't have viruses aroud.

All beekeepers who lost bees probably because of virus - (50 - 100%) 
in som areas in Sweden used oxalic acid. No beekeepers using Apistan 
were affected with big losses.

\vov

-- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and  other info ---