Various publications have charts to determine race by looking at various
features, particularly wing veins. You can download a program from the BIBBA
site to plot them on a graph which will show you whether a sample of bees are
of one race or hybrids (which will not therefore breed true) and give you a
good indication of what that race is. It is not as accurate as DNA but it is
a lot more accessible to the amateur.  The only equipment you need is a slide
projector to cast the magnified image of the wing onto a wall for easy
measuring.

Chris