Did N ceranae then build back up
> again in subsequent years and become a problem again?  If not, why not?

I was working with Shad & Jerry Sullivan (Shamrock Apiaries in Atwater,
California) at the time and Shad was working with Eric Mussen as Shamrock
had big nosema issues.
Documented by Mussen. (ask Eric or Shad ).

Shad was drenching as was I. We shared information and results.

Not sure what Shad was doing before replacing bees.

I have found working with the deadouts helped.

The next time I spoke with Shad (phone next season) he had dropped using the
drench. So I did and have not used the drench since.

We pumped syrup last week and when we checked this week all the hives had
taken the feed. Which to me is a better indicator than spore counts .

I had good varroa control when I had issues as did Shad (or so he said)

Off to work bees.

bob

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