Mark: The following are three reports you might wish to consider for
inclusion in you bibliography:
Ross, Lester A., and Lynda J. Sekora
1995 Site OR-DS-5 (Lava Caves Camp). Chapter 6.2 of Archaeological
Investigations PGT-PG&E Pipeline Expansion Project, Idaho, Washington,
Oregon, and California, Volume III, Summary Report: Historic Sites,
edited by Lou Ann Speulda. INFOTEC Research, Fresno, California. Copy
of publication on file with Oregon SHPO.
History and archaeology of the ca. 1922-1931 Shevlin-Hixon logging
camp, south of Bend, Oregon. One of the earliest family camps in the
region, reflecting the transition from earlier bachelor camps. This
transition occurred as a result of the violent labor unrest in the
spring of 1917 by the Lumber Workers Industrial Union No. 500 of the
Industrial Workers of the World (or the Wobblies). Shevlin camps were
unique in the use of portable "Shevlin houses," which were built to be
easily loaded onto flat cars, thus facilitating quick relocation of
relatively large, semi-permanent camps.
Ross, Lester A., with Lynda J. Sekora
1995 Site OR-KL-4 (Skookum). Chapter 6.3 of Archaeological
Investigations PGT-PG&E Pipeline Expansion Project, Idaho, Washington,
Oregon, and California, Volume III, Summary Report: Historic Sites,
edited by Lou Ann Speulda. INFOTEC Research, Fresno, California. Copy
of publication on file with Oregon SHPO.
History and archaeology of the ca. 1923-1926 Southern Pacific Natron
Cutoff railroad construction camp (bachelor camp), south of Bend,
Oregon. The Natron cutoff ran from Weed, California to Springfield,
Oregon; and is still in use today. Skookum may have originally be
constructed for workers of the Utah Construction Company. This company
received the contract for clearing land for track north of Corral
Springs in December 1923, and by February 1924 a 100-man camp had been
established, presumably Skookum. By July 1924, the northern terminus of
the new line was Skookum, and by June 1926, the Natron cutoff had been
completed.
Sekora, Lynda J., and Lester A. Ross, with Lou Ann Speulda and Michael
Ostrogorsky
1995 Historic Land-Use Systems. Chapter 10 in Archaeological
Investigations PGT-PG&E Pipeline Expansion Project: Idaho, Washington,
Oregon, and California; Volume IV, Synthesis of Findings, edited by
Randall F. Schalk. INFOTEC Research and Far Western Anthropological
Research Group, Fresno, California. Copy of publication on file with
Oregon SHPO.
In addition to an outstanding historic context for land use and
agricultural settlement in north-central Oregon (Chapter 10.2), there is
a second historic context for railroad and timber industry properties in
central Oregon (Chapter 10.3). For each context two historical
archaeological periods were defined:
Railroad Context
Transcontinental Period, 1869-1893
Central and South-Central Oregon Feeder Network Period,
1909-1931
Timber Industry Context
Pre-Railroad Logging Period, 1863-1910
Railroad Logging Period, 1911-1945
The history, technological developments and adaptations, property types
and their distribution, and criteria for significance and integrity
evaluations are addressed for each period.
As an aside, the agricultural context is based in large measure on the
federal laws for private entry to public lands from the 1840s through
the 1930s. Covering the Far West, eight historical periods for private
entry were defined:
Land Sales Periods
Federal and State Cash Sales period, 1840s-1850s
Preemption Period, 1842-1891
Railroad Entry Period, 1863-1880s
Land Settlement Periods
Donation Land Claim Period, 1851-1862
Initial Homesteading Period, 1863-1905
Timber Harvest Period, 1874-1905
Desert Land Homesteading Period, 1877-1905
Late Homesteading Period, 1907-1930s
For north-central Oregon, four historical archaeological periods for
agricultural settlements were defined:
Cattle Ranching Period, 1850-1870
Initial Wheat Farming and Sheep Ranching Period, 1871-1890
Late Wheat Farming and Sheep Ranching Period, 1891-1913
Motorized Farming Period, 1914-1944
The history, technological developments and adaptations, property types
and their distribution, and criteria for significance and integrity
evaluations are addressed for each of the four historical archaeological
periods. LAR
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