>I think this discussion and the science quoted involve two separate
subjects, but only one is being addressed.

Funny, Bill, I just walked in at lunchtime to say that very thing.

The discussion has been about protein, but not about the prebiotic (as
opposed to probiotic) effect upon diutinus bees that may consume pollen sub
rather than natural beebread.  My study with Maes and Anderson found that
bees consuming aged beebread made from one brand of pollen sub suffered
from gut dysbiosis.  Might the same thing happen with the diutinus bees
that enter winter with their guts loaded with pollen sub?

I certainly don't notice any adverse effect in California, but our winter
break is shorter than that further north.

>
> --
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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