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> Tracking when N. ceranae switched hosts and entered the USA is important to understand host range expansion. Here, we report the earliest known infections of Apis spp. with N. ceranae. N. ceranae was present in A. cerana and A. dorsata species dating back to 1968, while no N. apis was detected. In the USA, drones from 1984 and workers from 1975 were found infected.
> A. mellifera workers sampled in 1975 from Los Angeles County, CA, USA were co-infected with both N. apis and N. ceranae. The percent infected for both species was high: 80 % for N. ceranae and 73 % for N. apis. Africanized A. mellifera from 1994 had very low levels of N. ceranae and a relatively low incidence, and no N. apis was detected.
A scientific note: Survey for Nosema spp. in preserved Apis spp. Brenna E. TRAVER, Richard D. FELL
Apidologie http://link.springer.com/journal/13592
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