I discussed this with Richard a year ago - his seasonality for his area does NOT match what we see - and I keep killing colonies with N.ceranae

They say" We do not feel that N. ceranae is a major factor associated with colony decline."  

I'd argue that what they see may be true for their area, but not necessarily for others.  Our  Nosema ceranae may or may not be high in the spring, then falls off in the summer as colonies grow.  The Nosema levels tend to build in early fall after honey is harvested, and tends to peak in late fall, early winter.

I've the highest respect for Richard.  He does careful work.  So, if Nosema in his area displays a different seasonality, I can believe that to be true.  But if the seasonal cycles are different, then maybe he's looking at a different strain of Nosema or its reacting differently to other factors such as climate.  Jerry

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